{"id":706,"date":"2021-11-29T09:28:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-29T07:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kliinikum.ee\/harvikhaigused\/?page_id=706"},"modified":"2021-12-16T10:59:22","modified_gmt":"2021-12-16T08:59:22","slug":"mis-on-haruldane-haigus-ehk-harvikhaigus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kliinikum.ee\/harvikhaigused\/tutvustus\/mis-on-haruldane-haigus-ehk-harvikhaigus\/","title":{"rendered":"Mis on haruldane haigus ehk harvikhaigus?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-el\">Euroopa Liidu tasandil defineeritakse harvikhaigust kui haigust, mis esineb kuni 5 inimesel 10 000st. Harvikhaigusi iseloomustab v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ike esinemissagedus. Teisalt on aga erinevaid harvikhaigusi koos vaadatuna \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt palju, hinnanguliselt enam kui 7000-8000 ja seet\u00f5ttu on harvikhaigust p\u00f5devate inimeste arv suur. Uusi harvikhaigusi kirjeldatakse igal aastal v\u00e4hemalt 250-300, seega nimekiri pikeneb pidevalt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">Enamik harvikhaigusi on geneetilise p\u00e4ritoluga (&gt;80%), kuid esineb ka n\u00e4iteks kasvajaliste haiguste haruldasi vorme ja autoimmuunse geneesiga harvikhaigusi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">Harvikhaigused v\u00f5ib jagada kolme suurde kategooriasse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-el wp-block-list\"><li>Geneetilised haigused on tingitud \u00fche v\u00f5i mitme geeni defektist ehk muutusest (monogeensed haigused) v\u00f5i \u00fche kromosomaalse piirkonna koopiaarvu muutustest (kromosoomihaigused);<\/li><li>Multifaktoriaalsed haigused on tingitud keskkonnafaktorite ja erinevate geenide muutuste koostoimest (kaasas\u00fcndinud v\u00e4\u00e4rarendid, n\u00e4iteks Fallot\u0101\u20ac\u2122 tetraad v\u00f5i diafragmaalsong, autoimmuunhaigused ja haruldased kasvajad);<\/li><li>Keskkonnatekkelised haigused &#8211; siia kuuluvad n\u00e4iteks harva esinevad infektsioonhaigused, m\u00fcrgistused ja kiiritus.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">Harvikhaigused v\u00f5ivad avalduda nii varases s\u00fcnnij\u00e4rgses perioodis, lapseeas kui t\u00e4iskasvanuna. Tee \u00f5ige diagnoosini v\u00f5ib olla keeruline ja v\u00e4sitav, sest kuna harvikhaigused vajavad sageli keerulist diagnostikat, mis ei ole igal pool k\u00e4ttesaadav.<br>Suurema osa (\u00fcle 95%) haiguste puhul ei ole t\u00e4naseni spetsiifilist ravi. Ravitavate haiguste hulka kuuluvad eesk\u00e4tt imiku- ja v\u00e4ikelapseeas avalduvad p\u00e4rilikud ainevahetushaigused, mille \u00f5igeaegsel diagnoosimisel ja ravil on head tulemused, st haigusest tekitatud probleemid t\u00e4ielikult v\u00f5i suuresti \u00e4rahoitavad. Selliste haiguste ravimiseks kasutatakse \u00fcldjuhul eridieeti &#8211; ravitoite ja vitamiine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-el\">Harvikhaigused on \u00fchtepidi haruldased, kuid teisalt puudutavad need m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rset osa rahvastikust, hinnanguliselt 6-8% populatsioonist, Eestis seega ca 100&nbsp;000 inimest. Nende hulka loetakse lisaks patsiendile endale ka tema pereliikmeid, kelle elu on l\u00e4hedase haigusest m\u00f5jutatud.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Euroopa Liidu tasandil defineeritakse harvikhaigust kui haigust, mis esineb kuni 5 inimesel 10 000st. Harvikhaigusi iseloomustab v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ike esinemissagedus. Teisalt&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":402,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-706","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"featured_image_src":null,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mis on haruldane haigus ehk harvikhaigus? - Harvikhaigused<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kliinikum.ee\/harvikhaigused\/tutvustus\/mis-on-haruldane-haigus-ehk-harvikhaigus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mis on haruldane haigus ehk harvikhaigus? - Harvikhaigused\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Euroopa Liidu tasandil defineeritakse harvikhaigust kui haigust, mis esineb kuni 5 inimesel 10 000st. 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Harvikhaigusi iseloomustab v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ike esinemissagedus. 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